Retail stores set prices, but manufacturers have an interest in fi nal retail price as this is part of their promotion strategy. The marketing manager for Brand C ballpoint pens complains that excessive price-cutting by stores results in the perception of Brand C as an “off brand.” The sales manager replies that, “Everyone discounts—all the brands—to some extent.” During sales calls, they collected data on the fi nal sales price for four brands of pens, including their own, from five different stores. At the 0.05 confidence level, is there significant variation in price between the brands?
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