An educator has the opinion that the grades high school students make depend on the amount of time they spend listening to music. To test this theory, he has randomly given 400 students a questionnaire. Within the questionnaire are the two questions: “How many hours per week do you listen to music?” “What is the average grade for all your classes?” The data from the survey are in the following table. Using a 5 percent signifi cance level, test whether grades and time spent listening to music are independent or dependent.
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